Zinthu zomalizidwa ndi PVC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuwunika ndi kuyesa kwa PVC calcium zinc stabilizers kumafuna njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Kawirikawiri, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: static ndi dynamic. Njira yokhazikika imaphatikizapo Congo red test paper method, aging oven test, ndi electromotive force method, pomwe njira yokhazikika imaphatikizapo torque rheometer test ndi dynamic double roll test.
1. Njira Yoyesera Yofiira ya Congo
Pogwiritsa ntchito bafa yamafuta yokhala ndi glycerol yomangidwa mkati, PVC yomwe ikuyezedwa imasakanizidwa mofanana ndi chotenthetsera kutentha ndikuyikidwa mu chubu chaching'ono choyesera. Zipangizozo zimagwedezeka pang'ono kuti zikhale zolimba, kenako zimayikidwa mu bafa yamafuta. Kutentha kwa glycerol mu bafa yamafuta ya PVC calcium zinc stabilizer kumayikidwa pasadakhale pafupifupi 170 ℃, kotero kuti pamwamba pa zinthu za PVC mu chubu chaching'ono choyesera pakhale pamlingo ndi pamwamba pa glycerol. Pamwamba pa chubu chaching'ono choyesera, pulagi yokhala ndi chubu chopyapyala chagalasi imayikidwa, ndipo chubu chagalasi chimakhala chowonekera kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pepala loyesera lofiira la Congo limakulungidwa ndikuyikidwa pansi pa chubu chagalasi, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa pepala loyesera lofiira la Congo muli pafupifupi masentimita kutali ndi m'mphepete mwa pamwamba pa zinthu za PVC. Pambuyo poyesa, lembani nthawi kuyambira pamene mzere woyesera wofiira wa Congo wayikidwa mu chubu choyesera mpaka pamene umasintha kukhala wabuluu, womwe ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya kutentha. Chiphunzitso chachikulu cha kuyesera kumeneku ndi chakuti PVC imawola mofulumira kutentha kwa pafupifupi 170 ℃, koma chifukwa cha kuwonjezera chokhazikika kutentha, kuwonongeka kwake kumalepheretsedwa. Pakapita nthawi, chokhazikika kutentha chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukatha, PVC idzawola mofulumira ndikutulutsa mpweya wa HCl. Panthawiyi, reagent yofiira ya Congo mu chubu choyesera idzasintha mtundu chifukwa cha momwe imagwirira ntchito mosavuta ndi HCl. Lembani nthawi panthawiyi ndikuweruza momwe chokhazikika kutentha chimagwirira ntchito kutengera nthawi yomwe yakhala.
2. Kuyesa uvuni wosasunthika
Konzani zitsanzo zosakaniza za PVC powder ndi zina zothandizira kukonza (monga mafuta, zosinthira mphamvu, zodzaza, ndi zina zotero) kuwonjezera pa PVC calcium zinc stabilizer. Tengani kuchuluka kwa chitsanzo chomwe chili pamwambapa, onjezerani zokhazikika zosiyanasiyana kutentha ku PVC calcium zinc stabilizer muyeso winawake, sakanizani bwino, kenako onjezerani ku chisakanizo cha ndodo ziwiri.
Kukonzekera zidutswa zoyesera pa chosakanizira nthawi zambiri kumachitika popanda kuwonjezera mapulasitiki. Kutentha kwa ma roll awiri kumayikidwa pa 160-180 ℃, ndipo powonjezera ma plasticizer, kutentha kwa ma roll nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 140 ℃. Mwa kukanikiza mobwerezabwereza ndi timitengo tiwiri, chitsanzo cha PVC chofanana chimapezeka, kenako ndikudula kuti mupeze zitsanzo za PVC za kukula kwina komwe kuli ndi zolimbitsa kutentha zosiyanasiyana. Ikani zidutswa zosiyanasiyana zoyesera za PVC pa chipangizo chokhazikika kenako muziike mu uvuni wokhazikika (nthawi zambiri 180 ℃). Lembani kusintha kwa mtundu wa zidutswa zoyesera mphindi 10 zilizonse kapena mphindi 15 mpaka zitasanduka zakuda.
Kudzera mu mayeso okalamba mu uvuni, mphamvu ya zolimbitsa kutentha pa kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa PVC imatha kudziwika, makamaka kuthekera kwawo kuletsa kusintha kwa mitundu. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti PVC ikatenthedwa, mtunduwo umasinthasintha kuchokera ku kuwala kupita ku mdima, kuphatikizapo woyera wachikasu bulauni wakuda. Mkhalidwe wowonongeka ukhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu wa PVC pakapita nthawi inayake.
3. Njira yamagetsi (njira yoyendetsera magetsi)
Chipangizo choyesera chimakhala ndi magawo anayi. Mbali yakumanja ndi chipangizo chopanda mpweya, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni, koma nthawi zina chimagwiritsanso ntchito mpweya. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha nayitrogeni, choteteza calcium zinc cha PVC chingapewe kuwonongeka kwa unyolo wa PVC womwe umayambitsidwa ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga. Chipangizo chotenthetsera choyesera nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosambira chamafuta pafupifupi 180 ℃. Chisakanizo cha PVC ndi zolimbitsa kutentha chimayikidwa mkati mwa chosambira chamafuta. Mpweya wa HCl ukapangidwa, umalowa mu yankho la NaOH kumanzere pamodzi ndi mpweya wopanda mpweya. NaOH imayamwa HCl mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pH ya yankho isinthe. Polemba kusintha kwa pH mita pakapita nthawi, zotsatira za zolimbitsa kutentha zosiyanasiyana zitha kudziwika. Mu zotsatira zoyesera, pH t curve yomwe imapezeka pokonza imagawidwa mu nthawi yoyambitsa ndi nthawi yokulira, ndipo kutalika kwa nthawi yoyambitsa kumasiyana malinga ndi momwe cholimbitsa kutentha chimagwirira ntchito.
4. Torque rheometer
Chida choyezera kutentha kwa torque ndi chida chaching'ono chomwe chimatsanzira momwe PVC imagwirira ntchito. Pali bokosi loyezera kutentha lotsekedwa kunja kwa chida, ndipo kutentha kwa bokosi loyezera kutentha ndi liwiro la ma rollers awiri amkati kumatha kuyendetsedwa kudzera pakompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi chidacho. Kulemera kwa zinthu zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku torque rheometer nthawi zambiri kumakhala 60-80 g, komwe kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida. Njira zoyesera ndi izi: konzani masterbatch yokhala ndi zolimbitsa kutentha zosiyanasiyana pasadakhale, ndipo fomula yoyambira ya masterbatch nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo ACR kuwonjezera pa PVC CPE、CaCO3、TiO、 Lubricants, ndi zina zotero. Chida choyezera kutentha chimayikidwa pasadakhale. Chikafika kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa ndipo liwiro limakhala lokhazikika, chisakanizo cholemera chimawonjezedwa ku bokosi loyezera kutentha, chimatsekedwa mwachangu, ndipo magawo osiyanasiyana pakompyuta yolumikizidwa amalembedwa, yomwe ndi rheological curve. Pambuyo pokonza, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana azinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa amathanso kupezeka, monga kuyera, kaya zapangidwa, kusalala, ndi zina zotero. Pogwiritsa ntchito magawo awa, mphamvu ya mafakitale ya cholimbitsa kutentha chofananira imatha kudziwika. Chotsukira kutentha choyenera chiyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yoyenera yopangira mphamvu ndi pulasitiki, ndipo chinthucho chiyenera kupangidwa bwino ndi kuyera kwambiri komanso malo osalala. Chotsukira kutentha chapanga mlatho wabwino pakati pa kafukufuku wa labotale ndi kupanga mafakitale akuluakulu.
5. Mayeso oyeserera kawiri
Monga njira yothandizira poyesa mphamvu ya zolimbitsa kutentha, ma dynamic double rollers amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda rheometer, ndipo chida chosindikizira piritsi la double roll chimasankhidwa mu kuyesera. Onjezani ufa wosakaniza mwachangu ndikuukanikiza kuti ukhale wofanana. Mobwerezabwereza tulutsani chitsanzo chomwe mwapeza. Mpaka chidutswa choyesera chitakhala chakuda, lembani nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti chikhale chakuda kwathunthu, chomwe chimatchedwa nthawi yakuda. Kuti mudziwe momwe kutentha kumakhudzira kutentha kwa zolimbitsa kutentha zosiyanasiyana pa PVC poyerekeza nthawi yakuda.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-20-2024
