1. Nambala ya viscosity
Nambala ya viscosity imasonyeza kulemera kwa maselo a utomoni ndipo ndilo khalidwe lalikulu lodziwira mtundu wa utomoni. Katundu ndi ntchito za utomoni zimasiyana malinga ndi makulidwe ake. Pamene mlingo wa polymerization wa PVC utomoni ukuwonjezeka, makina katundu monga kumangika mphamvu, mphamvu mphamvu, fracture mphamvu, ndi elongation pa yopuma kuwonjezeka, pamene zokolola mphamvu amachepetsa. Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma polymerization a PVC pothandizira kuchulukirachulukira, zoyambira za utomoni zimapita patsogolo, pomwe magwiridwe antchito ndi machitidwe amawu amawonongeka. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kugawa kwamphamvu kwa maselo a PVC utomoni kuli ndi ubale wapamtima ndi kukonza pulasitiki ndi magwiridwe antchito.
2. Kuchuluka kwa tinthu tosayera (madontho akuda ndi achikasu)
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira pakuwunika utomoni wa PVC. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza chizindikirochi ndi izi: choyamba, zinthu zotsalira pa khoma la ❖ kuyanika kwa ketulo ya polymerization sizimasambitsidwa bwino ndipo zopangirazo zaipitsidwa ndi zonyansa; chachiwiri, kuvala kwa makina osakanikirana ndi zonyansa ndi ntchito yosayenera yobweretsa zonyansa; Pokonza pulasitiki, ngati pali tinthu tambiri tonyansa, tidzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuchita komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za PVC. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza ndi kupanga mbiri, pali zonyansa zambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zingayambitse mawanga pamwamba pa mbiriyo, potero kuchepetsa maonekedwe a mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosapanga mapulasitiki a tinthu tazonyansa kapena kutsika kwamphamvu ngakhale kupangidwa kwapulasitiki, zida zamakina zimachepetsedwa.
3. Kusasinthasintha (kuphatikiza madzi)
Chizindikirochi chimasonyeza kuchepa kwa utomoni pambuyo potenthedwa pa kutentha kwina. Zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka zimatha kupanga magetsi osasunthika mosavuta, zomwe sizingathandize kudyetsa ntchito panthawi yokonza ndi kuumba; Ngati zinthu zosasunthika ndizokwera kwambiri, utomoniwo umakonda kugwa komanso kusayenda bwino kwamadzimadzi, ndipo thovu limapangidwa mosavuta pakumangirira ndi kukonza, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mtundu wazinthu.
4. Kuchulukana kowonekera
Kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino ndi kulemera kwa voliyumu ya PVC resin ufa womwe umakhala wosakanizidwa. Zimagwirizana ndi particle morphology, pafupifupi kukula kwa tinthu, ndi kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utomoni. Kutsika kowoneka bwino, voliyumu yayikulu, kuyamwa mwachangu kwa mapulasitiki, komanso kukonza kosavuta. M'malo mwake, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka tinthu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kumapangitsa kuyamwa kwa zida za PVC. Pakupanga zinthu zolimba, kufunikira kwa ma molekyulu sikukwera, ndipo mapulasitiki nthawi zambiri samawonjezedwa panthawi yokonza. Chifukwa chake, porosity ya tinthu ta utomoni imayenera kukhala yocheperako, koma pakufunika kuti utomoni uwomeke, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa utomoni kumakhala kokulirapo.
5. Plasticizer mayamwidwe utomoni
Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a PVC pokonza zothandizira kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma pores mkati mwa tinthu ta utomoni, ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amafuta ndi porosity yayikulu. Utoto umatenga ma plasticizer mwachangu ndipo umagwira ntchito bwino. Pakuti extrusion akamaumba (monga mbiri), ngakhale chofunika utomoni porosity si mkulu, pores mkati particles ndi zabwino adsorption zotsatira pa Kuwonjezera zina pa processing, kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya zina.
6. Kuyera
Kuyera kumawonetsa maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa utomoni, komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa kutentha kapena nthawi yosunga nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuyera. Mlingo wa whiteness umakhudza kwambiri kukana kukalamba kwa mitengo ndi zinthu.
7. Zotsalira za vinilu kloridi
Zotsalira za VCM zimatanthawuza gawo la utomoni lomwe silinatengeke kapena kusungunuka mu polyethylene monomer, ndipo mphamvu yake ya adsorption imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa utomoni. Muzinthu zenizeni zotsalira za VCM, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwapamwamba kwa nsanja yovundukula, kusiyana kwakukulu kwapamwamba mu nsanja, ndi utomoni wochepa wa particle morphology, zomwe zingakhudze VCM zotsalira za desorption, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha kuyeza ukhondo wa utomoni. Pazinthu zapadera, monga matumba a malata opangira filimu owoneka bwino amankhwala azachipatala, zotsalira za VCM za utomoni sizifika pamlingo (zosakwana 5PPM).
8. Kukhazikika kwamafuta
Ngati madzi omwe ali mu monomer ndi okwera kwambiri, amatulutsa acidity, amawononga zida, kupanga dongosolo lachitsulo la polymerization, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhudza kukhazikika kwamafuta azinthuzo. Ngati wa hydrogen kolorayidi kapena klorini yaulere ilipo mu monomer, idzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake pa polymerization. Hydrogen chloride imakonda kupanga m'madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa pH mtengo wa polymerization system ndipo zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la polymerization. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa acetylene mu monomer ya mankhwalawa kumakhudza kukhazikika kwamafuta a PVC pansi pa synergistic zotsatira za acetaldehyde ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a mankhwalawa.
9. Sieve zotsalira
Zotsalira za sieve zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utomoni, ndipo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa dispersant mu polymerization chilinganizo ndi momwe zimakhudzira. Ngati tinthu ta utomoni tikhala tambirimbiri kapena towoneka bwino kwambiri, zitha kukhudza gawo la utomoni komanso zimakhudzanso kukonzedwa kotsatira kwa chinthucho.
10. "Diso la Nsomba"
"Diso la nsomba", lomwe limadziwikanso kuti crystal point, limatanthawuza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utomoni tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta thermoplastic. Zokhudza kupanga kwenikweni. Mfundo yaikulu ya "nsomba diso" ndi kuti pamene zili mkulu otentha zinthu mu monoma ndi mkulu, izo amasungunula polima mkati particles pa polymerization ndondomeko, amachepetsa porosity, kumapangitsa particles kulimba, ndi kukhala kanthawi "nsomba". diso" panthawi yokonza pulasitiki. Woyambitsayo amagawidwa mosagwirizana mu madontho amafuta a monomer. Mu dongosolo la polymerization lomwe lili ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana, kupangidwa kwa utomoni wokhala ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu osagwirizana, kapena kudetsedwa kwa reactor panthawi yodyetsa, utomoni wotsalira, kapena kumamatira kwambiri kwa reactor kungayambitse "fisheye". Mapangidwe a "maso a nsomba" amakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa zinthu za PVC, ndipo pokonzekera pambuyo pake, zidzakhudza kukongola kwa zinthuzo. Idzachepetsanso kwambiri zida zamakina monga kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukulitsa kwazinthu, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti mafilimu kapena mapepala apulasitiki awonongeke, makamaka zinthu zama chingwe, zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu zawo zamagetsi. Ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zofunika kwambiri pakupanga utomoni komanso kukonza pulasitiki.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-12-2024
